First off, here's a list of weapons that every Shaolin student learns before they branch off: Straightsword, broadsword, spear, staff, and chain whip. If you want to include weapons, you could limit it to those.
On to the skills. First off is the animal forms, of which there are 6 primary ones. These could work like stances, only one active at a time.
Crane - lots of dodging, quick strikes to pressure points, emphasis on evasion, dodging, and redirecting strikes around the body in such a manner as to stupefy your opponent until you can find a good opening. One of the crane's primary attacks is a quick swipe across the eyes to blind an opponent, and the crane's beak strike is intended to hit pressure points to allow physically weaker people to cause a maximum amount of pain for their body type. A good crane can hit you in places that slow you down. It's happened to me, and it's hard to explain without seeing it. Crane is an internal style and makes heavy use of chi in anticipating attacks, blocking, redirecting, and especially striking. They strike places where adding chi will actually cause damage.
Tiger - Second of the two that everyone knows about. Tiger is almost entirely offensive, with very little focus on blocking and evasion. A tiger's primary method of defending himself is to keep up a wall of fast, hard, offense that keeps an opponent off balance. They use a lot of raking strikes, either to the eyes, or to areas where they can rip the skin and cause bleeding. With their bare hands. Yes, this really happens. A powerful tiger can literally tear muscles off of bone, particularly the pectorals. You strike a pec just right and yank, and they can't use that arm anymore until they get surgery. Tiger is strictly external, focusing on the physical body exclusively.
Leopard - Similar to tiger, but with a much higher emphasis on dodging and accurate strikes and kicks. They employ more acrobatic sorts of kicks, but they are intended to control the floor space and move your opponent where you want them. The leopard's paw strike is used in places like the floating ribs, the throat, or the kidneys, to immobilize (and possibly kill) your opponent. The leopard is actually a balance between tiger and crane in a lot of ways. Leopard is an external style, with a little bit of chi development, usually to help guide your strikes to the right place.
Preying Mantis - This is a very strange-looking style, but it's incredibly effective. The mantis focuses on controlling the opponent with an ingenious series of grabs and strikes. They control opponents better than any other style, because all of their blocks are designed to allow the possibility of catching the arm or leg of the opponent, and from there, to strike pressure points with the fingers, rip the flesh, or joint-manipulate the opponent into submission. Their kicks are never high, and are usually to the legs to strike an opponent off-balance and get them to move where you want them. Actually hitting a good mantis is almost as hard as hitting a good crane. Mantis is neither internal nor external, but a strange mix of both. While they don't focus on using chi, they don't focus on physical power either.
Snake - Snakes focus on outrageously fast strike patterns. They will hit you 8 times in tender places before you have time to blink. They have some of the catching ability of the mantis style, but they focus primarily on evading attacks in such a manner as to allow ideal counterattacks. A snake will snake in around a punch while they hit you in the throat, ribs, eyes, balls, under the armpit, side of the neck, and then before you realize they're behind you, side kick you in the kidneys. I hate snakes. Many of their strikes, like the crane, are designed to allow physically weaker people to cause a maximum amount of pain, and they also slow down their opponents over time. They're just a lot more vicious about it, and they do it will looking like a snake. Snake is an internal style and uses lots of chi development.
Dragon - Dragon is indeed one of the 6 animals of shaolin, even though most people haven't heard of the style and can't explain it if they have. It's basically a tiger with chi powers. I'm not kidding. Tiger is designed to be an external system, focusing on speed and strength, but dragon uses similar sorts of attacks, augmented by superior internal energy work. They focus a lot on anticipating attacks and using their energy in their strikes to cause a lot more damage. They employ a lot of circular motions, and can use parts of the bodies in attacks that you would never anticipate, like the thigh. The dragon's claw grabs for specific muscles, and can cause massive bleeding or tearing much like a tiger, or they can use the shape of the fingers to attack several pressure points at once, in ways that are only taught to dragons. A Chinese dragon's theme is that they are creatures of balance and change, sort of living expressions of Yang part of the Tao. They are activity, power, and control.
Here's a list of things that either I have done or have personally seen with my own eyes:
Breaking bricks
Breaking steel (yes, steel. Breaking it.)
Breaking a staff across ribs with no damage or pain
Taking a full force kick to the balls with no damage or pain
Taking a full force punch to the throat with no damage or pain
Punching solid concrete at nearly full force without damaging the fist
Bending spears with the sharp end stuck on the throat, and the other end stuck against a tree.
Same, but with 3 spears. Also, breaking a spear that way by bending it far enough.
Stealing an opponent's strength by sucking out his chi without touching him, rendering him basically harmless (although able to easily stand and move around)
Part of my training was 10 people hold a log and swing it as hard as they can at my stomach. I had to keep doing it until my feet never left the ground when being struck. It hurt. It was pretty impressive once I got it figured out tho. The whole room could feel the concussion

My teacher also once 1-inch punched me about 30 feet. The first fifteen feet of that, my feet didn't touch the ground. Then I stumbled back until I hit the wall. It hurt.
Here's a list of things that people I know and trust claim to have seen:
A short, light man who couldn't be picked up or knocked over. He would root himself to the ground with his chi and stand there looking bored. He couldn't be budged.
Blocking a sword strike with bare flesh and not being cut
Knocking over an opponent with nothing but chi
Making an opponent fall unconscious with a wave of the hand (and a whole lot of chi)
Causing a row of people to involuntarily move parts of their bodies, again with chi.
Breaking any rock in a large pile by slapping only the top rock. Not stacks of bricks, which I've seen (only breaking the middle one, etc) but a pile of rocks. This person then broke them all at once to conclude that part of his demonstration.
Causing unconscious, heavy vomiting, paralysis, or extreme pain (not at once) by lightly tapping various pressure points and injecting chi. Actually, I've had the pain one done on me once. It hurt like a bitch (like, almost bad enough to cry) for like 15 minutes. He wouldn't show me the others.
Bending and moving metal with the mind.
I've also seen videos and heard stories (although I can't say I believe them since videos can be faked, and 3rd hand stories aren't really trustworthy) of the following:
Causing electric shocks
Causing paper to burn
Killing animals by sucking the life out of them.
This should give someone some ideas. You wouldn't need weapons, and you could limit armor to nothing but cloth, and it could totally work.